1	Database Searching LS 574 Summer Session II Clarion University of Pennsylvania July – August 2005
2	What Are Databases Made Of? Databases or files Subfiles Records Fields Subfields
3	A Sample Database Record Personal author: Garreau, Joel. Title: The nine nations of North America / Joel Garreau. Publication info: Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 1981. ISBN: 0395291240 : $12.95 Physical description: xvii, 427 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. General note: Includes index. Bibliography note: Bibliography: p. [397]-413.
4	A Sample Database Record (cont.) Personal subject: Garreau, Joel. Subject: United States--Description and travel--1960- Subject: United States--Economic conditions--1961- Subject: United States--Social conditions--1960- Subject: Canada--Description and travel--1945- Subject: Canada--Economic conditions--1945- Subject: Canada--Social condition.
5	The Record’s Underlying Structure 100: 10 : Garreau, Joel. 245: 14 : The nine nations of North America /\|cJoel Garreau. 260: 0 : Boston :\|bHoughton Mifflin,\|c1981. 020: : 0395291240 :\|c$12.95 300: : xvii, 427 p. :\|bill. ;\|c24 cm. 500: : Includes index. 504: : Bibliography: p. [397]-413. 596: : 5
6	The Record’s Underlying Structure (cont.) 600: 10 : Garreau, Joel. 651: 0 : United States\|xDescription and travel\|y1960- 651: 0 : United States\|xEconomic conditions\|y1961- 651: 0 : United States\|xSocial conditions\|y1960- 651: 0 : Canada\|xDescription and travel\|y1945- 651: 0 : Canada\|xEconomic conditions\|y1945- 651: 0 : Canada\|xSocial condition.
7	Matt’s Presidential Literature Database RN - 101 AU - Mazlish, Bruce TI - In Search of Nixon : A Psychohistorical Inquiry SU – Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhouse), 1913-1994
8	Matt’s Presidential Literature Database (cont.) RN – 102 AU – Eisenhower, Dwight D. TI – At Ease : Stories I Tell My Friends SU – Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969
9	Matt’s Presidential Literature Database (cont.) RN – 103 AU – Ellis, Joseph J. TI – Passionate Sage : The Character and Legacy of John Adams SU – Adams, John, 1743-1826
10	Basic vs Additional Index For our toy database, our titles and subjects comprise the basic index Our additional index will be the author index
11	Dialog’s Stop Words an and by for from of the to with
12	Number all Words and/or Phrases Mazlish, Bruce 101 AU 1 in 101 TI 1 search 101 TI 2 nixon 101 TI 3 a 101 TI 4 psychohistorical 101 TI 5 inquiry 101 TI 6
13	Number all Words and/or Phrases (cont.) nixon 101 SU 1 richard 101 SU 2 m 101 SU 3 richard 101 SU 4 milhouse 101 SU 5 1913 101 SU 6
14	Number all Words and/or Phrases (cont.) 1994 101 SU 7 Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhouse), 1913-1994 101 SU 8 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 102 AU 1 at 102 TI 1 ease 102 TI 2
15	Number all Words and/or Phrases (cont.) stories 102 TI 3 i 102 TI 4 tell 102 TI 5 my 102 TI 6 friends 102 TI 7 eisenhower 102 SU 1 dwight 102 SU 2
16	Number all Words and/or Phrases (cont.) … And so on … Next Step à Alphabetize the list for the basic index
17	Alphabetize the List 1743 103 SU 3 1826 103 SU 4 1890 102 SU 6 1913 101 SU 6 1969 102 SU 7 1994 101 SU 7
18	Alphabetize the List (cont.) a 101 TI 4 adams 103 TI 6 adams 103 SU 1 Adams, John, 1743-1826 103 SU 5 at 102 TI 1 character 103 TI 3 d 102 SU 3
19	Alphabetize the List (cont.) david 102 SU 5 dwight 102 SU 2 dwight 102 SU 4 ease 102 TI 2 eisenhower 102 SU 1 Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969 102 SU 8 … and so on
20	Author Additional Index Eisenhower, Dwight D. 102 AU 1 Ellis, Joseph J. 103 AU 1 Mazlich, Bruce 101 AU 1 Note that this index is phrase indexed but NOT word indexed
21	A Record from Dialog Let’s look beyond the book record of a catalog: http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0001.html
22	Does the Internet have Structure? http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~matthewm/mrmwork.html
23	Database Types By Format: Online, CD-ROM, Tape By Structure Bibliographic Directory Fulltext Citation – SciSearch http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0034.html Financial – Duns Financial Records Plus http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0519.html Numeric - Metals Data File http://www.cas.org/ONLINE/DBSS/mdfss.html
24	Starting a Search in ERIC on Dialog ?BEGIN 1 or, in an abbreviated format: ?b 1
25	"?B" ?B 1 30may03 22:38:44 User556323 Session D1.1 $0.00 0.241 DialUnits FileHomeBase $0.00 Estimated cost FileHomeBase $0.04 INTERNET $0.04 Estimated cost this search $0.04 Estimated total session cost 0.241 DialUnits File 1:ERIC 1966-2003/May 10 (c) format only 2003 The Dialog Corporation Set Items Description --- ----- ----------- ?
26	Searching for a Word ?SELECT mathematics or, in abbreviated format: ?s mathematics
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28	Using Boolean (Logical) Operators OR Operator Use OR to group synonymous terms when at least one must be present. AND Operator Use AND to connect terms when both or all must be present. NOT Operator Use NOT to exclude records containing a specified term.
29	Venn Diagram Depicting AND Logic
30	Venn Diagram Depicting OR Logic
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32	Using OR Operator; Display Sets (DS) Command ?S MATH OR MATHEMATICS 10825 MATH 54890 MATHEMATICS S5 58984 MATH OR MATHEMATICS ?DS Set Items Description S1 54890 MATHEMATICS S2 4055 FEAR S3 116 S1 AND S2 S4 169200 1 AND 2 S5 58984 MATH OR MATHEMATICS ?
33	"?S" ?S S2 AND S5 4055 S2 58984 S5 S6 138 S2 AND S5 ?DS Set Items Description S1 54890 MATHEMATICS S2 4055 FEAR S3 116 S1 AND S2 S4 169200 1 AND 2 S5 58984 MATH OR MATHEMATICS S6 138 S2 AND S5 ?
34	“/ENG” – Limit by Language ? S S3 OR S6 116 S3 138 S6 S7 138 S3 OR S6 ?S S7/ENG >>>Term "ENG" is not defined in file 1 and is ignored S8 138 S7/ENG ? http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0001.html
35	Suffix Searching ?s mathematics searches for the word ‘mathematics’ in the basic index (usually includes the abstract field and may include fulltext! ?s mathematics/ti searches for the word ‘mathematics’ in the title field ?s mathematics/ti,de searches for the word ‘mathematics’ in the title OR descriptor fields
36	EXPAND Command in the Language Index (LA=) ? E LA=ENGLISH Ref Items Index-term E1 19 LA=DUTCH E2 1 LA=EDO E3 752078 *LA=ENGLISH E4 1 LA=ESPERANTO . . . E8 14 LA=FINNISH E9 3292 LA=FRENCH E10 3 LA=FULANI E11 1 LA=GANDA E12 728 LA=GERMAN Enter P or PAGE for more ?
37	Select Command From an Expanded List ? S E3 S9 752078 LA='ENGLISH' ?DS Set Items Description S1 54890 MATHEMATICS S2 4055 FEAR S3 116 S1 AND S2 S4 169200 1 AND 2 S5 58984 MATH OR MATHEMATICS S6 138 S2 AND S5 S7 138 S3 OR S6 S8 138 S7/ENG S9 752078 LA='ENGLISH' ?
38	Combining Our Results with the Set of All English Language Records; What Have We Spent So Far?!!! ? S S7 AND S9 138 S7 752078 S9 S10 129 S7 AND S9 ?COST 30may03 22:42:18 User556323 Session D1.2 $1.22 0.817 DialUnits File1 $1.22 Estimated cost File1 $0.20 INTERNET $1.42 Estimated cost this search $1.46 Estimated total session cost 1.057 DialUnits ?
39	The TYPE Command ? T S10/8/1-5 10/8/1 DIALOG(R)File 1:(c) format only 2003 The Dialog Corporation. All rts. reserv. 01106676 ERIC NO.: ED458214 CLEARINGHOUSE NO.: TM032844 The Debate over National Testing. ERIC Digest. April 2001 (20010400) DESCRIPTORS: Academic Achievement; Achievement Tests; Elementary Secondary Education; Federal Government; Government Role; National Competency Tests; Performance Based Assessment; Politics; Test Construction; Test Use IDENTIFIERS: ERIC Digests; *National Assessment of Educational Progress
40	"10/8/2" 10/8/2 DIALOG(R)File 1:(c) format only 2003 The Dialog Corporation. All rts. reserv. 01098402 ERIC NO.: ED452367 CLEARINGHOUSE NO.: CE081628 Women and Minorities in High-Tech Careers. ERIC Digest No. 226. 2001 (20010000) DESCRIPTORS: Attitude Change; Career Education; Change Strategies; Community Colleges; Computer Attitudes; Education Work Relationship; Educational Change; Educational Environment; Educational Policy; Educational Technology; Elementary Secondary Education; Employed Women; Employment Patterns; Equal Education; Information Needs; Job Training; Leadership; Literature Reviews; Minority Groups; Needs Assessment; Nontraditional Occupations; Recruitment; Role Models; Sex Fairness; Technical Occupations; Technological Advancement; Trend Analysis; Two Year Colleges; Vocational Education; Womens Education IDENTIFIERS: ERIC Digests 10/8/3 . . .
41	Details of the Type Command ?T S10/8/1-5 “S10” is the set number that you are choosing “8” is the format that you’re choosing for your output “1-5” are the first five records of your resultant set S10 http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0001.html
42	Expand of the Basic Index in ERIC ? E GRADE 5 Ref Items RT Index-term E1 3486 3 GRADE 3 E2 4327 3 GRADE 4 E3 4463 3 *GRADE 5 . . . E7 2561 5 GRADE 9 E8 1 GRADEAID E9 44 GRADEBOOK E10 1 GRADEBOOK PROGRAMS E11 15 GRADEBOOKS E12 1 GRADECALC Enter P or PAGE for more ?
43	"? S E3" ? S E3 S11 4463 'GRADE 5' ?S S10 AND S11 129 S10 4463 S11 S12 1 S10 AND S11 ?
44	"? T S12/9/1" ? T S12/9/1 12/9/1 DIALOG(R)File 1:ERIC (c) format only 2002 The Dialog Corporation. All rts. reserv. 00490065 ERIC NO.: ED219235 CLEARINGHOUSE NO.: SE038286 Teaching Problem Solving; the Effect of Algorithmic and Heuristic Problem Solving Training in Relation to Task Complexity and Relevant Aptitudes. de Leeuw, L.; CORP. SOURCE: Free Univ., Amsterdam (Netherlands). (BBB20582) 16pp. 1982 (19820000) EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. LANGUAGE: English DOCUMENT TYPE: 143 (Reports--Research) RECORD TYPE: ABSTRACT COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Netherlands JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: RIEDEC1982 Sixty-four fifth and sixth-grade pupils were taught number series extrapolation by either an algorithm, fully prescribed …
45	LOGOFF Command and Session Costs ?LOGOFF 30may03 22:47:24 User556323 Session D1.2 $1.83 1.222 DialUnits File1 $0.00 5 Type(s) in Format 8 $0.00 2 Type(s) in Format 9 $0.00 7 Types $1.83 Estimated cost File1 $0.45 INTERNET $2.28 Estimated cost this search $2.32 Estimated total session cost 1.462 DialUnits Return to logon page!
46	Formulating Your Search Strategy We will need to plan ahead …with Dialog searching costs money!!! You’re paying “by the drink.” What topic do we have in mind? Where will we look for information? What terms should we use? How will we combine our terms?
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49	Example BIOSIS Search ? B 5 02jun03 01:29:18 User556323 Session D2.1 $0.00 0.241 DialUnits FileHomeBase $0.00 Estimated cost FileHomeBase $0.02 INTERNET $0.02 Estimated cost this search $0.02 Estimated total session cost 0.241 DialUnits File 5:Biosis Previews(R) 1969-2003/May W4 (c) 2002 BIOSIS Set Items Description --- ----- ----------- ?
50	"?S" ?S PREEN OR PREENED OR PREENING 106 PREEN 36 PREENED 485 PREENING S1 602 PREEN OR PREENED OR PREENING ?S MALLARD OR MALLARDS 1680 MALLARD 884 MALLARDS S2 2096 MALLARD OR MALLARDS … There has got to be an easier way … There is and we’ll learn it soon!
51	"? S ANAS (W)..." ? S ANAS (W) PLATYRHYNCHOS 4510 ANAS 2866 PLATYRHYNCHOS S3 2845 ANAS (W) PLATYRHYNCHOS ?S S2 OR S3 2096 S2 2845 S3 S4 3515 S2 OR S3 ?S S1 AND S4 602 S1 3515 S4 S5 21 S1 AND S4 ?S S5/ENG S6 13 S5/ENG ?
52	SAVE TEMP and EXS ?T S6/8/1-5 Those results looked good. Save the search and begin in a different file executing the same strategy: ?SAVE TEMP Temp SearchSave "TD001" stored ?b 185;exs
53	EXS in Action File 185:Zoological Record Online(R) 1978-2001/Dec (c) 2001 BIOSIS *File 185: File will be reloaded. Accession numbers will change. Set Items Description --- ----- ----------- Executing TD001 23 PREEN 0 PREENED 219 PREENING
54	"S1" S1 239 PREEN OR PREENED OR PREENING 383 MALLARD 322 MALLARDS S2 701 MALLARD OR MALLARDS 3661 ANAS 1668 PLATYRHYNCHOS S3 1656 ANAS (W) PLATYRHYNCHOS 701 S2 1656 S3 S4 1687 S2 OR S3 239 S1 1687 S4 S5 3 S1 AND S4 >>>Term "ENG" is not defined in file 185 and is ignored S6 3 S5/ENG ?
55	Evaluating Search Results Evaluate as you are searching Search results that are unexpected can indicate a simple error in your data entry Using AND à your result should be a smaller set Using OR à your result should be a larger set
56	This is a Common Mistake Suppose you had two sets. Set S1 is the result of searching for ‘fear’ (4,055 records) and set S2 is ‘math or mathematics’ (58,984 records): ?S 1 AND 2 203089 1 198285 2 S4 169200 1 AND 2 ? What has happened here???
57	Other Common Mistakes Misspellings Using the wrong set number from a large search history Not catching when a limit or prefix has not worked Typing out the wrong set … Matt