Review of the answer from the last question on the mid-term

Will your telephone call travel over wires, fiber, satellite, microwave, other wireless? All of these do not depend on any one so there is an inherent survivability

How does this effect survivability relative to methods for resistance?

Redundancy, diversity, security, external control systems, self-stabilizing algorithms.

So what is the downside?

Lack of visibility, lack of predictability, shared dependency (same software, protocols, ditch, power), cascade effects (denial of service attacks)

Morris worm – 1^st prominent Internet incident. There has been no other attack since 1988 – and there is no good answer why. We are at the same level of technology but our dependence on the Internet is greater.

Private networks – today they are essentially not private because they use capacity from existing networks.

Same issue with dedicated lines – Rail Roads were the only exception to the telco installing and maintaining dedicated lines. Today, telcos guarantee logical capacity, not a physical line.

Correct, accurate, precise: conforms to fact, standard, truth

Correct: usually means freedom from fault or error

Accurate: fidelity to fact or truth obtained by the exercise of care

Precise: stresses strict agreement and sharpness of definition

Heizsenberg:

So far as theorems of mathematics are about reality they are uncertain

So far as they are certain they are not about reality

Compare sciences (like math) that have a tradition of drawing precise and certain conclusions about artificial worlds.

Networks inherently involve incomplete, imprecise, inconsistent, and unkowable information (just like the real world).

Conclusions? Networks are like unbounded systems like real life

Defines an abstract or artificial world

Global visibility

Central control

Knowledge of all regions

Complete knowledge of some region

Conclusions that are certain

Conclusions that are precise

Conclusions that are accurate

Conclusions that are realistic

Conclusions that are scalable

The only difference between unbounded and infinite is reality (unbounded is in the realm of reality)

How can you tell the difference between unbounded and infinite things? We cannot and it does not matter but when we prove theorems, we cannot depend on the fact that it is infinite.

The last mile (local loop) – The media talks about competition in long distance providers, but the question really is the local loop.

Vulnerability of the local loop and inter-exchange carriers are different, but an attack on one would disrupt service. Each link is a single point of failure.

Diversity is a method, not a property. It is a method to achieve survivability.

Read the paper by Fisher and Lipsom.