2. Look at Fig. 4.20. When O2 is not bound, the proximal His residue ("His E7" in the figure) fills the site.
3. The protein stucture around the heme plays a major role. For example when Val 67 is substituted by Glu (Hemoglobin Milwaukee), the change results in exposure of the Fe atom and more rapid oxidation.
4. The substitution of a Glu residue with Val leads to aggregation of hemoglobin. This leads to deformation of red blood cells and constriction of blood flow.
5. 10*p50 means an O2 concentration = 10*half-maximal. For any binding reaction the resulting fractional saturation = 0.9.
6. 0.1*p50 means an O2 concentration = 0.10*half-maximal. For any binding reaction the resulting fractional saturation = 0.1.
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