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Lecture:
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Time: Tuesday and Thursday, 10:30 - 11:50 am
Location: Porter Hall (PH) 226C
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Office Hours:
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Time: Tuesday and Friday, 1:00 - 2:00 pm
Location: Scaife Hall (SH) 302
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Course Description:
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This course is intended for engineering students who are interested in increasing their knoweldge of fluid flow beyond basic undergraduate courses of fluid mechanics. The overall objective of the course is to introduce descriptions of incompressible, inviscid fluid motions and the associated aerodynamic forces on bodies such as airfoils, aircraft wings, wind turbine blades etc. Focus of the course is on application of fluid mechanics to understand aerodynamics of physical objects. Homework assignments and projects are designed to relate theoretical understandings to real-world engineering applications. Students will work on an experimental and a computational project.
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Grading:
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- Homeworks (25%)
- Experimental project (25%)
- Computational project (10%)
- Midterm exam (20%)
- Final exam (20%)
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Description of Projects:
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- Experimental project: Students will apply aerodynamic concepts to design, manufacture, and test a wind turbine
- Computational project: Using available codes, students will perform simulations to predict lift vs angle of attack for NACA airfoils with and without effect of viscosity
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Textbook:
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- Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, John D. Anderson Jr., McGraw-Hill, 5th Ed (2010)
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Reference books:
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- Fluid Mechanics, Frank M. White, McGraw-Hill
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Tentative Syllabus Outline:
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Basics of Fluid Mechanics
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Jan 14 - Jan 18
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Review of Relevent Mathematics
Vector algebra, integrals and their physical meaning, typical coordinate system, scalar vs vector, gradient of a scalar field, divergence of a vector field, curl of a vector field, Laplace operator
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Jan 21 - Jan 25
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Equations of Fluid Flow
Control volume and fluid element, conservation of mass (continuity), conservation of momentum, Euler's equations, energy equation
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Basics of Potential Flow
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Jan 28 - Jan 31
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Introductory Concepts
Flow visualization through pathlines, streamlines, and streaklines, angular velocity, vorticity, stream function, velocity potential, vortex, circulaiton, Laplace equation, boundary conditions for potential flow
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Feb 04 - Feb 08
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Examples of Potential Flow - I
Uniform Flow, source and sink flows, Rankine half-body, Rankine oval, doublet flow, forces and moments on aerodynamic bodies, pressure coefficients
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Feb 11 - Feb 15
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Examples of Potential Flow - II
Flow past a vortex, flow over a circular cylinder with and without lift, Kutta-Joukowski Theorem, d'Alembert paradox
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Flow Over Airfoils
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Feb 18 - Feb 22
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Basics of Airfoil Theory
Airfoil nomenclature, airfoil characteristics, the vortex sheet, the Kutta condition revisited, physical interpretation of lift generation, Kelvin's circulation theorem and the starting vortex
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Feb 25 - Feb 28
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Details of Airfoil Design
Thin (symmetric) airfoil, cambered airfoil, calculation of aerodynamic center, modern airfoil designs, early airplane designs
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Mar 04
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Review for midterm exam and project kickoff
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Mar 07
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Midterm Exam
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Mar 11 - Mar 15
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Spring Break
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Mar 18 - Mar 22
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Flow over "Real" Airfoils
Effect of viscosity, skin-friction drag and its estimation, boundary layer development, flow separation, effect of turbulence, trailing and leading edge devices
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Flow Over Finite Length Wings
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Mar 25 - Mar 29
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Introduction to Finite Length Wings
3-D wings, spanwise flow, trailing edge vortices, downwash, induced angle and lift reduction, induced drag, 3-D vortex filaments
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April 01 - April 04
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Theory and Design of Wings - I
Prandtl's lifting-line theory, Elliptic lift distribution, general lift distribution, total drag and lift on the wing
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April 08 - April 12
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Theory and Design of Wings - II
Wing coefficients, effect of wing aspect raio, effect of trailing edge flaps, lift slope reduction, the Delta Wing
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Computational Analysis and Applied Aerodynamics
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April 15 - April 19
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Numerical Simulations of Potential Flows
Source panel and vortex panel methods and their application to predictions of pressure distribution on a 2-D circular cylinder and an airfoil
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April 22 - April 26
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Airplane Aerodynamics and Performance
Lift and drag on wing-body combination, the drag polar, thrust-to-weight ratio, lift-to-drag ratio, thrust required and maximum velocity, drag divergence and maximum velocity, minimum velocity and stall
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April 29 - May 03
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Wind turbine testing and computational project presentations
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May 07
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Final Exam
Time: 1:00PM - 4:00PM, Location: SH 222
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