Administrative Law
Constitutional Law
Electronic Democracy
Internet and the Future of Democracy
Course Description
Syllabus
Exam Questions
Law and the Presidency
Telecommunications Law
Syllabus: The Internet and the Future of Democracy
Professor: Peter M. Shane and Peter Muhlberger

Term Paper:
What do we need to know to understand the likely impacts of networked computers on the future of American or global democracy? And how would we find out?

Class Topic Readings

1 Introduction to Democracy: Its Promise and Problems
Historical and Creative Visions
Richard Sennett The Fall of Public Man, pp. 3-27.
Jürgen Habermas The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, Chapter 2, pp. 27-56.
Lawrence A. Cremin, 1980. American Education: The National Experience 1783-1876, pp. 201-217.

2 Introduction to Democracy: Its Promise and Problems
Historical and Creative Visions
Roberto Unger.1998. Democracy Realized. pp. 5-10 & 206-235.
Simone Chambers. 1996. Reasonable Democracy, pp. 193-227.

3 Ignorance in the Public
How Ignorant is the Public?
Neuman, Paradox of Mass Politics--1 to 2 chapters; pp. 1-50.
Martin Gilens, 2000, "Political Ignorance and American Democracy," (Midwest Meeting, Yale U.)

4 Can Ignorance Change? Leighley, Jan E. 1991 "Participation as a Stimulus of Political Conceptualization." v53 Journal of Politics 198-211.
Gastil & Dillard. 1999. "Increasing Political Sophistication Through Public Deliberation," Political Communication 16:3-23.
Jason Barabas. 2000. "Uncertainty and Ambivalence in Deliberative Opinion Models: Citizens in the Americans Discuss Social Security Forum," Midwest Political Science Assoc. Annual Meeting.
Katz, The Digital Citizen, Wired Magazine, p68-end.

5 Democracy amid Corporate Hegemony?
Democracy and Economic Inequality
Fred Wertheimer & Susan Weiss Manes, Campaign Finance Reform: a Key to Restoring the Health of Our Democracy (1994), excerpted in F.G.Slabach, 1998. The Constitution and Campaign Finance Reform, pp. 93-111.
Kevin Phillips, 1994. Arrogant Capital, ch. 4. 32 pp.Frank Sorauf, If It's Not Broken . . . or Is It?, in Annelise Anderson, 2000. Political Money: Deregulating American Politics, 3-35.
http://www.campaignfinancesite.org/book/html/1.html

6 Media Manipulation? McChesney. In McChesney, et al., Capitalism and the Information Age. "The Political Economy of Global Communication." Pp. 1-25.
Chomsky. In McChesney, et al. "Propaganda and Control of the Public Mind." Pp. 179-189.
Edward S. Herman. In McChesney, et al. "The Propaganda Model Revisited." Pp. 191-205.
Habermas. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Last 2 chapters.

7 Democracy and the role of Deliberation
Conceptions of Democracy
Robert A. Dahl. Democracy and Its Critics, pp. 83-105.
Habermas. 1996. "Three Normative Models of Democracy," In Democracy and Difference (Seyla Benhabib, editor), pp. 21-31.
Seyla Benhabib. "Toward a Deliberative Model of Democratic Legitimacy." In Democracy and Difference (Seyla Benhabib, editor), pp. 67-87.

8 Democracy and the role of Deliberation
Conceptions of Democracy
Mark Warren 1995. "The Self in Discursive Democracy," in The Cambridge Companion to Habermas, (Stephen K. White editor), pp. 167-195.
James Bohman, Public Deliberation, pp. 1-21.

9 Deliberation: Pro and Con Sanders, Lynn 1997. "Against Deliberation," v25 Political Theory p. 347-76.
Stephen Macedo. 1999. "Introduction," in Deliberative Politics (Stephen Macedo, editor), pp. 3-14.
William H. Simon. 1999. "Three Limitations of Deliberative Democracy," ibid., pp. 49-58.
Stanley Fish. 1999. "Mutual Respect as a Device of Exclusion," ibid., pp. 88-101.

10 Deliberation: Pro and Con Russell Hardin. 1999. "Deliberation: Method, Not Theory," ibid., pp. 103-118.
Alan Wertheimer. 1999. "Internal Disagreements: Deliberation and Abortion," ibid. pp. 170-182.
Gutman & Thompson. 1999. "Democratic Disagreement," in Deliberative Politics (Stephen Macedo, editor), pp. 243-279.

11 How Communication Affects Individuals
Rational Choice and Communication
Elster, J. (1986). Introduction. In J. Elster (Eds.), Rational Choice (pp. 1-33). Washington Square, New York: New York University Press.
Elinor Ostrom. 2000. "Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms," Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 14 #3, pp.137-141.
Lupia & McCubbins The Democratic Dilemma pg. 98.

12 Social Psychological Approaches to Communication Patricia Wallace. 1999. The Psychology of the Internet, "Group Dynamics in Cyberspace," pp. 55-87.
Kitayama and Burnstein 1994. "Social Influence, Persuasion, and Group Decision Making" Persuasion : Psychological Insights and Perspectives edited by Sharon Shavitt, Timothy C. Brock. Pp. 175-191
Levine, Resnick, & Higgins 1993. "Social Foundations of Cognition," Annual Review of Psychology, v44, pp. 585-612
Petty et al. 1997 "Attitudes and Attitude Change," Annual Review of Psychology, v48, pp. 609-647 (refs start at 638)

13 George Herbert Mead, Symbolic Interactionism, and Related?
Mead, George H. 1934 Mind, Self, and Society pp. xvi-xxxv;
Morin, Alain 1993. "Self-talk and self-awareness: On the Nature of the Relation," The Journal of Mind and Behavior, v14, #3, PP 223-234.
Wojciszke, Bogdan 1987. "Ideal-self, self-focus and value-behavior consistency," European Journal of Social Psychology, v17 187-198.

14 George Herbert Mead, Symbolic Interactionism, and Related? Plant, Robert W., and Richard M. Ryan. 1985. "Intrinsic Motivation and the Effects of Self-Consciousness, Self-Awareness, and Ego-involvement: An Investigation of Internally Controlling Styles." Journal of Personality 53: 435-449.
Tetlock, P. E. (1992). The Impact of Accountability on Judgment and Choice: Toward a Social Contingency Model. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 331-376.
Leonard M. Jessup et al. 1990. "Toward a Theory of Automated Group Work: The Deindividuating Effects of Anonymity." Small Group Research, 21(3), pp. 333-348.

15 How Communication Shapes Groups
Group Processes
Patricia Wallace. 1999. The Psychology of the Internet, "Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation," pp. 88-109.
Hogg, Michael A. 1996. "Social Identity, Self-Categorization, and the Small Group," Understanding Group Behavior Witte, Erich H. (Ed), Vol. 2, pp. 227-255.

16 Social Capital Putnam, Robert 1995. "Bowling Alone" Journal of Democracy, v6 #1, pp. 65-78
David E. Campbell, Putnam, et al. 1999. "Tuning in, Tuning out revisited," APSA Annual Meeting.
Nojin Kwak, Shah, et al. 2000. "Connecting, Trusting, & Participating," MPSA Annual Meeting.

17 Virtual Community and Virtual Political Community Well article in Wired.
Rheingold, Howard. The Virtual Community pp. 38-63.
Baym, Nancy K. 1995. "The Emergence of Community in Computer-Mediated Communication," in CyberSociety pp. 138-163.

18 Virtual Community and Virtual Political Community G. Scott Aikens. 1998. "A Personal History of Minnesota Electronic Democracy, 1994," J. of Governmental Info., 25(1), pp. 1-9.
John Monberg. 1998. "Making the Public Count," Communication Theory, 8(4), 426-454.
Juliet Musso et al. 2000. "Designing Web Technologies for Local Governance Reform," Political Communication, 17(1), pp. 1-19.

19 Towards a Political and Cultural Synthesis
Critique of Information Age Concept

Jerry L. Salvaggio, ed., 1989. The Information Society (articles by Steinfeld & Savaggio, Bates, and Schement) pp. 1-51.
Frank Webster, 1995. Theories of the Information Society, pp. 6-30.

20 Towards New Politics Ulrich Beck, "The Reinvention of Politics," in Beck, Giddens, and Lash Reflexive Modernization (on reserve), pp. 1-52.

21 The Culture of Real Virtuality Manuel Castells, The Information Age: Economy, Society, & Culture, Vol. 1, The Rise of the Network Society, pp. 327-375.

22 The Cultural Construction of Space and Time in the Information Age
Identity, Meaning and New Politics
Manuel Castells, The Information Age: Economy, Society, & Culture, Vol. 1, The Rise of the Network Society, pp. 410-423, 445-478,.
Manuel Castells, The Power of Identity, pp. 1-27 & 65-67.

23 Communications and the Design of Democratic Institutions
Deliberation and the Design of Political Institutions
J.M. Bessette, 1994. The Mild Voice of Reason, 6-66.
Bennett, "Democracy as Meaningful Conversation," 14 Const. Commentary 481-533 (1997).

24 Communications and the Design of Democratic Institutions
Deliberation and the Design of Political Institutions
C. Nino, 1996. The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy, 144-186.
Forbath, William, "Habermas's Constitution: A History, Guide, and Critique," 23 Law & Soc. Inquiry 969-1016

25 Inequality, Participation, and Representation: Basic Issues Young, Iris M. 2000. Inclusion and Democracy. 52-153

26 Digital Divide Reddick, et al., 2000. The Dual Digital Divide: The Information Highway in Canada, 46-63.
U.S. Dep't of Commerce, 2000. Falling Through the Net: Towards Digital Inclusion, xv-xviii, 33-42, 77-80
Hoffman, D. and Novak, T, 1999. "The Growing Digital Divide: Implications for an Open Research Agenda," http://ecommerce.vanderbilt.edu/papers.html, chapter to appear in Understanding the Digital Economy: Data, Tools and Research, B. Kahin and E. Brynjolffson, eds. MIT Press, forthcoming.
Lazarus, W. and Mora, F., 2000. Online Content for Low-income and Underserved Americans: The Digital Divide's New Frontier
http://www.childrenspartnership.org/pub/ low_income/index.html, 8-37.

27 The Internet and the Geography of Democracy Young, Iris M. 2000. Inclusion and Democracy. 196-275

28 From Theory to Practice: The Internet and Non-Majoritarian Institutions Johnson, Stephen M., "The Internet Changes Everything: Revolutionizing Public Participation and Access to Government Information Through the Internet," 50 Admin. L. Rev. 277-337

29 Sharing Life in Cyberspace Schwartz, P.M., "Privacy and Democracy in Cyberspace," 52 Vand. L. Rev. 1609-1701

30 Wrap-Up Barber, Benjamin R. "The New Telecommunications Technology: Endless Frontier or the End of Democracy?" Constellations, v4 #2, pp. 208-228