0 |
Bordetella |
positive |
Small coccobacilli |
Encapsulated |
singly or in pairs |
|
aerobic |
Regan-Lowe agar |
extracellular |
1 |
Borrelia |
Gram-negative, but stains poorly |
spirochete |
|
Long, slender, flexible, spiral- or corkscrew-shaped rods |
highly motile |
anaerobic |
(difficult to culture) |
extracellular |
2 |
Brucella |
Gram-negative |
Small coccobacilli |
Unencapsulated |
singly or in pairs |
non-motile |
aerobic |
Blood agar |
intracellular |
3 |
Campylobacter |
Gram-negative |
Curved, spiral, or S-shaped |
Unencapsulated |
Singly |
characteristic darting motion |
microaerophilic |
Blood agar inhibiting other fecal flora |
extracellular |
4 |
Chlamydia and Chlamydophila |
(not Gram-stained) |
Small, round, ovoid |
Unencapsulated |
|
motile |
Facultative or strictly aerobic |
|
Obligate intracellular |
5 |
Clostridium |
Gram-positive |
Large, blunt-ended rods |
Normally encapsulated |
|
mostly motile |
Obligate anaerobic |
Anaerobic blood agar |
extracellular |
6 |
Corynebacterium |
Gram-positive (unevenly) |
Small, slender, pleomorphic rods |
Unencapsulated |
clumps looking like Chinese characters or a picket fence |
nonmotile |
Mostly facultative anaerobic |
Aerobically on Tinsdale agar |
extracellular |
7 |
Enterococcus |
Gram-positive |
Round to ovoid (cocci) |
|
pairs or chains |
Non-motile |
Facultative Anaerobic |
6.5% NaCl, bile-esculin agar |
extracellular |
8 |
Escherichia |
Gram-negative |
Short rods (bacilli) |
Encapsulated and Unencapsulated |
|
Normally motile |
Facultative anaerobic |
MacConkey agar |
extracellular |
9 |
Francisella |
Gram-negative |
Small, pleomorphic coccobacillus |
Encapsulated |
|
Non-motile |
strictly aerobic |
(rarely cultured) |
Facultative intracellular |
10 |
Haemophilus |
Gram-negative |
Ranging from small coccobacillus to long, slender filaments |
Encapsulated or Unencapsulated |
|
Non-motile |
|
Chocolate agar with hemin and NAD+ |
extracellular |
11 |
Helicobacter |
Gram-negative |
Curved or spiral rods |
|
|
rapid, corkscrew motility |
Microaerophile |
Medium containing antibiotics against other fecal flora |
extracellular |
12 |
Legionella |
Gram-negative, but stains poorly |
Slender rod in nature, cocobacillary in laboratory. |
unencapsulated |
|
motile |
aerobic |
Specialized medium |
facultative intracellular |
13 |
Leptospira |
Gram-negative, but stains poorly |
Long, very slender, flexible, spiral- or corkscrew-shaped rods |
|
|
Highly motile |
stricktly aerobic |
Specialized medium |
extracellular |
14 |
Listeria |
Gram-positive, darkly |
Slender, short rods |
|
diplobacilli or short chains |
Distinct tumbling motility in liquid medium |
Facultative Anaerobic |
enriched medium |
intracellular |
15 |
Mycobacterium |
(none) |
Long, slender rods |
Unencapsulated |
|
nonmotile |
aerobic |
M. tuberculosis: Lowenstein-Jensen agar |
extracellular |
16 |
Mycoplasma |
(none) |
Plastic, pleomorphic |
Encapsulated |
singly or in pairs |
|
Mostly facultative anaerobic; M.pneumoniae strictly aerobic |
(rarely cultured) |
extracellular |
17 |
Neisseria |
Gram-negative |
Kidney bean-shaped |
Encapsulated or Unencapsulated |
diplococci |
Non-motile |
aerobic |
Thayer-Martin agar |
Gonococcus: facultative intracellular |
18 |
Pseudomonas |
Gram-negative |
rods |
encapsulated |
|
motile |
Obligate aerobic |
MacConkey agar |
extracellular |
19 |
Rickettsia |
Gram-negative, but stains poorly |
Small, rod-like coccobacillary |
Slime/microcapsule |
|
Non-motile |
Aerobic |
(rarely cultured) |
Obligate intracellular |
20 |
Salmonella |
Gram-negative |
Bacilli |
Encapsulated |
|
Normally motile |
Facultative anaerobic |
MacConkey agar |
Facultative intracellular |
21 |
Shigella |
Gram-negative |
rods |
Unencapsulated |
|
Non-motile |
Facultative anaerobic |
Hektoen agar |
extracellular |
22 |
Staphylococcus |
Gram-positive, darkly |
Round cocci |
Encapsulated or Unencapsulated |
in bunches like grapes |
Non-motile |
Facultative anaerobic |
enriched medium (broth and/or blood) |
extracellular |
23 |
Streptococcus |
Gram-positive |
ovoid to spherical |
Encapsulated or Unencapsulated |
pairs or chains |
nonmotile |
Facultative anaerobic |
blood agar |
extracellular |
24 |
Treponema |
Gram-negative, but stains poorly |
Long, slender, flexible, spiral- or corkscrew-shaped rods |
|
|
highly motile |
Aerobic |
none |
extracellular |
25 |
Vibrio |
Gram-negative |
Short, curved, rod-shaped with single polar flagellum |
Unencapsulated |
|
rapidly motile |
Facultative anaerobic |
blood- or MacConkey agar. Stimulated by NaCl |
extracellular |
26 |
Yersinia |
Gram-negative, stains bipolarly |
Small rods |
encapsulated |
|
nonmotile |
Facultative Anaerobe |
MacConkey or CIN agar |
Intracellular |