Table 2.0: Different SFE Working Condition for Various Essential Oils.
|
Samples of Essential Oils |
Conditions of Supercritical Fluid Extraction |
Yield |
References |
||
|
|
Pressure |
Temperature |
CO2 Flowrate |
|
|
|
|
(bar) |
|
|
|
|
|
Black Pepper Oil |
150, 200 and 300 |
30, 40 and 50°C |
0.0725g/mim |
3.45% |
S.R.S. Ferreira et. al. |
|
(Piper nigrun
L.) |
bar |
|
03687g/min |
|
1999 |
|
|
280 bar |
24, 40 and 60°C |
1.8 g/min |
7.5% |
H. Sovova et al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 |
|
Clove Bud Oil |
90 bar |
50°C |
1.2, 0.9 and 0.6 |
20.80% |
E. Reverchon et.
al. |
|
|
|
|
kg/hr |
|
1997 |
|
Celery Seed Oil |
100, 150 and 200 |
45 and 55°C |
1.1 and 3.0 kg/hr |
20% |
I. Papamichail
et. al. |
|
(Apium graveolens L.) |
bar |
|
|
|
2000 |
|
Feverfew |
250 bar |
45°C |
0.85ml/min |
|
Roger M. Smith et. al. |
|
(Tanacetum parthenium L.) |
|
|
|
|
1994 |
|
Tansy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Tancetum vulgore L.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
German Chamomile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Chamomilla recutita L.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Caraway |
90 – 100 bar |
23 to 40°C |
1L/min |
|
H. Sovova et.
al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 |
|
|
125 bar |
32°C |
4kg/hr |
5% |
T. Baysal et al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 |
|
Citrus Oil |
8.3 - 12.4 MPa |
40 to 70°C |
50ml/min |
|
F. Temelli et.
al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 |
|
|
8 and 28 MPa |
20 and 50°C |
0.5 to 3.5 Kg/hr |
6% |
B. Mira et. al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coariader Seed Oil |
100, 200 and 300 |
35°C |
|
|
V. Illes et. al |
|
|
bar |
|
|
|
2000 |
|
Ginger Oil |
6 - 10 MPa |
9 to 35°C |
0.17 - 0.46kg/m²s |
5% |
Alexander G. Badalyan |
|
|
|
|
2% w/w ethanol |
|
1997 |
|
Angelica archangelica
L. |
120 bar |
40°C |
Static extraction |
0.18% |
Catalin Doneanu |
|
root oil |
|
|
with 2 hours dynamic |
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
extraction, 0.5Kg/hr |
|
|
|
Orange flower |
80 - 100 bar |
40°C |
1.2 kg/hr |
53.60% |
E. Reverchon et.
al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 |
|
Ginseng root hair oil |
10.4 - 31.2 MPa |
35 - 60°C |
|
10.74% |
H.C. Wang et. al. |
|
|
|
|
(2.7 and 6% ethanol) |
|
2000 |
|
Pennyroyal |
100 bar |
50°C |
0.31, 0.43, and 0.62 g/s |
2.53% |
E.M.C. R.-Vasco et. al |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 |
|
Oregano bracts |
70 - 200 bar |
27 - 47 °C |
0.3 - 0.9 kg/hr |
|
F. Gaspar et. al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
120 bar |
40 - 60°C |
|
|
M.C. D.-Maroto
et. al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 |
|
Hiprose Seed |
1500, 3000, 6000 |
40, 50 and 70°C |
1, 2, 4 and 6 g/min |
7.40% |
E. Reverchon et.
al. |
|
|
and 10000 psi |
|
|
|
1999 |
|
Chamomile |
100, 120, 160 |
30 and 40°C |
0.0167, 0.0333 and |
4.00% |
Nanci P. Povh et. al. |
|
|
and 200 bar |
|
0.0667 g/s |
|
2001 |
|
Lemongrass |
85 - 120 bar |
23 - 50°C |
|
|
L.H.C. Carlson et. al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 |
|
Lemon Oil |
13790, 27580 and |
40 and 60°C |
5 to 12mL/min |
5.42% |
N.L. Rozzi et
al. |
|
|
41370 kPa |
|
|
|
2001 |
|
Lovage |
80 - 350 bar |
|
50 - 300ml/min |
|
E. Dauksas et.
al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 |
|
Rosemary |
100 bar |
40 to 50°C |
0.5 to 5dm³/hr |
1.0% |
E. Reverchon et.
al. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 |
|
Basil |
|
|
|
0.9% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marjoram |
|
|
|
0.72% |
|
|
Nutmeg |
90 bar |
23°C |
500cm³/min |
7.00% |
C.B. Spricigo
et. al. |
|
|
|
(Subcritical Cond.) |
|
|
1999 |
|
Eucalyptus leaf oils |
80, 100, 150 and |
40 and 60°C |
|
|
J.C. Francisco et al. |
|
|
250 bar |
|
|
|
2002 |