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Gurkan Colak

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>> Design of On-Chip Antennas for Secure Full Duplex Remotely Powered Single Chip Systems



RFID technology is a commonly used system in many applications in a variety of different markets. It continuously expands its use cases today. Some of the application areas can be listed as follows health care, military, warehousing, retail, wholesale, security, pharmaceutical and many more.

Massive use of RFID systems pushes the limits for low-cost, security, miniaturized size, and wireless power transfer. Especially, implantable devices and secure validation of medicinal pills in the health care industry, preventing fake products in many industries look for extremely small size and passive RFID systems. To fulfil beforementioned requirements, there is a need for an effective antenna which is responsible for power harvesting, data transfer, and supporting the single-chip systems.

Today, many RFID systems use external antennas for communication even though most of the applications is no need for far-field communication. Such antennas allocate plenty of area, are costly, and make the single-chip fabrication impossible. There are some current methods to produce on chip antennas. However, those methods are unable to fit with some specific application requirements because they are not able to provide enough power while supporting the extremely small size, compatibility to CMOS technology and low-cost production.

A reliable single chip system through an effective on chip antenna is a promising solution for all the required items. Three distinct advantages of such systems are: (1) extremely small overall dimensions and volume, (2) relatively low-cost of manufacturing, (3) extremely high reliability and ruggedness. This thesis proposes three different fabrication methods for design of on-chip antennas (OCAs) for secure full duplex remotely powered single chip systems.


>> RFID secure Validation for Medicines



The World Health Organization estimates that counterfeit drugs represent more than ten percent of global pharmaceutical sales, and are responsible for some thousands of death each year. One possible solution to this problem is the use of radio-frequency ID (RFID) tags.

Two challenges have limited the use of RFID in medicine: 1) the size and cost of today's RFID tags has limited their application to the packaging and 2) a lack of security, where a counterfeiter can simply read the code from the RFIDs on valid packaging and program their own RFIDs to mimic valid codes.

In this project, we propose to develop a novel form of a low-cost microscopic RFID tag that can be incorporated into the medicine to be protected and swallowed without ill effect. The micro-RFID will use bi-directional secure authorization that prevents validation of medicine by anyone but a trusted authority established by the original drug manufacturer. MEMS sensors will detect if the medicine has been exposed to temperatures outside of the normal allowed range. The RFID tag will consist of a rectangular spiral antenna on the top two metal layers of the CMOS process. This will resonate with a large capacitor integrated into the CMOS process to form a resonant circuit. The capacitor will use three metal layers immediately below the inductor to maximize capacitance and avoid breakdown issues associated with lower level metal layers. The use of higher-level metal layers to form the capacitor allows for larger on-chip voltages and mitigates the need for voltage clamping devices, which would limit the overall efficiency.

In addition, this configuration accommodates the potentially large dynamic range that may be needed due to the anticipated variation in near-field coupling. Active diodes will be used to minimize the losses caused by large forward voltage of passive diodes. A voltage regulator will be used to generate the supply voltage.


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