ROBERT ADAM (1728-1792)

Robert Adam is one of the most important architects and furniture designers of the 18th Century. He developed the Neoclassic style in England and is responsible for an interior design style that is light and airy.

Born into a wealthy and cultured family of architects, Adam went into business with his brother John. The Rococo style and the Palladian style, particularly the work of Lord Burlington, William Kent and John Vanbrugh were major influences. A grand tour, including a visit to Italy culminated in the serious observation and study of the ruins of Rome as well as the current style of architecture. HIs first published work was a description of this trip.In addition, this visit also provided an introduction to the artist Piranesi, who became a good friend. Raphael and use of detail derived from Roman buildings was also influential.

It is because of the interior design and furniture that Robert Adam is most often remembered. Adam was adamant in his idea that all aspects of a room, including the furniture be unified. All elements were part of a whole design. The Roman model suggested symmetry and a light and delicate form of decoration. Classical elements abound, rooms filled with semi-circular arches, palm leaves, honeysuckle and festoons. Most of Adam's work is the design of English country houses, including Kedleston Hall, Osterley Park and Syon House.

The triumphal arch, again derived from Roman structures was an important element in Adam's architectural work. One example is the exterior of Keddleston Hall. Adam was the first to use this element in domestic building.

The furniture followed similar themes and was to be more influential than his interior design. Hepplewhite, the furniture designer, in particular was to be heavily influenced by Adam. His design was prolific and varied.