Country Income and Growth Rates

Country

Real GDP per capita, 1990 ($)

Real GDP per capita, 1960 ($)

Real GDP per worker, 1990 ($)

Real GDP per worker, 1960 ($)

Annual % D

Real GDP per worker

High Income

         

USA

18054

9895

36771

24433

1.36

W. Germany

14341

6570

29509

13919

2.50

Japan

14331

2954

22624

4998

5.03

France

13904

5823

30357

13478

2.71

U.K.

13217

6823

26755

14754

1.98

           

Low Income

         

China

1324

567

2189

1076

2.37

India

1264

766

3235

1761

2.03

Zimbabwe

1182

989

2437

2241

0.28

Uganda

554

598

1142

1206

-0.18

           

Fast Growth

         

Hong Kong

15601

2247

22827

4172

5.67

Singapore

11710

1658

24369

5008

5.27

Taiwan

8063

1256

18409

3374

5.66

South Korea

6673

904

16022

2703

5.93

           

Slow Growth

         

Venezuela

6055

6338

17426

20445

-0.53

Madagascar

675

1191

1561

2339

-1.35

Mali

531

535

1107

1506

-1.03

Chad

399

756

1148

1927

-1.73

Source: http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu (Penn World Tables), variables RGDPCH (for GDP per capita) and RGDPW (for GDP per worker). All data in 1985 ($). The countries are those featured in Charles I. Jones, Introduction to Economic Growth, W.W. Norton, NY: 1998, p. 4.

Accounting for Income Growth

 

Annual Percentage Rates of Growth of Real GDP, Capital, and Labor, Miracles and High Income Countries

Country

Period

GDP

Capital

Labor

         

Hong Kong

1966-1990

7.8

9.0

2.6

Singapore

1964-1990

8.9

10.4

4.4

South Korea

1960-1990

8.6

12.4

3.5

Taiwan

1953-1990

8.7

12.1

2.5

Japan

1957-1990

6.7

10.1

0.7

France

1957-1990

3.7

4.4

-0.1

W. Germany

1960-1990

3.2

4.4

-0.4

U.K.

1957-1990

2.5

3.2

0.2

U.S.

1948-1990

3.1

3.1

1.6

Source: Jong-Il Kim and Lawrence J. Lau, "The Sources of Economic Growth of the East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 1994, p. 242 (table below from p. 259)

Percentage of Annual Growth Attributable to Capital, Labor, and Technical Change, and Implied Annual Rate of Technical Change

 

Country

Capital

Labor

Technical Change

Annual % Q Due To Tech. Change

         

Hong Kong

55

18

27

2.11

Singapore

77

18

5

0.45

South Korea

92

14

-6

-0.52

Taiwan

78

13

9

0.78

Japan

79

5

15

1.01

France

62

-2

40

1.48

W. Germany

66

-7

41

1.31

U.K.

52

4

44

1.10

U.S.

43

31

26

0.81